The Grand Societal Challenges (GSC) project, launched in 2025, extends historical analysis toward experimentation and the exploration of future-oriented alternatives. Focused on four major societal challenges—geopolitics (with particular attention to war), artificial intelligence, climate change, and the organization of work and consumption patterns—the project seeks to develop a holistic understanding of these interconnected issues while identifying, at the scale of PSL, new scientific and educational initiatives capable of addressing them.

HIMO and GSC projects are neither exhaustive nor exclusive. They are intended to evolve and to be complemented by other projects developed within the OI.

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